U.S.'s NREL Researchers Warn of High UV Degradation in N-Type Solar Module

Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s NREL studied ultraviolet-induced degradation (UVID) in n-type solar modules on a 3 MW rooftop PV system, finding current IEC standards insufficient for assessing all UVID risks. They observed 2.4% annual module degradation and identified cell surface recombination and lack of zinc in metallization paste as key degradation causes.